2024届高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 形容词和副词 外研版

　　语法专题十二　形容词和副词

　　形容词用来修饰名词，常放在名词前作定语，或者放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者整个句子，其位置比较灵活。高考经常考查形容词和副词的辨析，以及副词短语的辨析。

　　考点一　形容词作定语的排列顺序

　　几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（a，the，these）＋数量形容词（two，three）＋描绘性形容词（beautiful）＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large，long，high）＋新旧或年龄（old）＋颜色（red）＋国籍（Chinese）＋材料（wool，steel）＋目的或用途＋名词。

　　an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯

　　考点二　倍数表达法

　　1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

　　2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

　　3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词（size，length，height 等）＋of＋B

　　4．A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B

　　5．A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句

　　This building is three times higher than that one.

　　This building is three times as high as that one.

　　This building is three times the height of that one.

　　这个建筑物是那个建筑物的三倍高。

　　The output of this year is 3 times that of 2024.

　　＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2024.今年的产量是2024年的三倍。

　　考点三　形容词、副词的比较级

　　1．“as＋形容词＋（a/an）＋名词＋as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

　　It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

　　人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。

　　2．“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”与“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同（不同）。

　　The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

　　这工作没有你想象的那么难。

　　3．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

　　The taller of the two boys is my cousin.

　　两个男孩中个子高的那个是我表哥。

　　4．a＋形容词比较级＋名词表示“一个更……的……”。

　　If you study hard，you are sure to have a better future.

　　如果你努力学习，你一定会有个更好的未来。

　　5．比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any（用于否定句或疑问句），a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。by far用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。

　　He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

　　他目前是两兄弟中较高的。

　　6．表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级（主语＋谓语），the＋比较级（主语＋谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。

　　The more we do for the people，the happier we'll be.

　　我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。

　　7．不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构，表示“越来越……”。

　　The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

　　那个女孩变得越来越漂亮。

　　8．no＋比较级＋than表示“和……一样不”。

　　He is no taller than his brother.

　　他和他哥哥一样矮。

　　9．more...than...表示一个人两种品质的比较，意为“与其……倒不如……”。

　　He is more shy than unfriendly.

　　与其说他不友善，还不如说他腼腆。

　　考点四　形容词与副词的最高级

　　1．最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite等。

　　The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

　　正在修建的那座桥是目前横跨黄河的最长的桥。

　　2．否定词＋比较级＝最高级。

　　I have never seen a better film.

　　我从未看过更精彩的电影。（这是我看过的最精彩的）

　　3．“比较级＋than any other＋单数名词”表示最高级意义，意思为“比其他任何……都……”。

　　He is taller than any other boy in his class.

　　他比他班里其他男孩都高。

　　考点五　常用as...as...结构的词组

　　1．as long as 只要；有……之久

　　I will work as long as I live.只要活着，我就要工作。

　　2．as far as 到……地点；就……而言

　　As far as I know，he is reliable.

　　就我所知，他是一个可靠的人。

　　3．as high as 高达……

　　The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400.

　　在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。

　　4．as soon as 一……就

　　I will call you up as soon as I get there.

　　我一到那里就给你打电话。

　　5．as well as 既……又；和……一样好

　　He who plays the piano as well as his father has experience as well as knowledge.

　　他弹钢琴与他父亲一样好，既有知识又有经验。

　　6．as good as 与……一样；几乎；简直；和……一样好

　　He is as good as dead.他如同死了一般。

　　考点六　兼有两种形式的副词

　　其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀­ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。常见的有：

　　close接近（指距离）——closely仔细地，密切地

　　free免费——freely自由地，自如地

　　deep深——deeply深刻地，深入地

　　hard努力地——hardly几乎不

　　wide宽阔——widely广泛地

　　high高——highly高度地

　　late晚、迟——lately近来

　　near邻近——nearly几乎

　　most最——mostly主要地；绝大多数地

　　pretty 相当地——prettily 优美地

　　just 正好——justly 公正地

　　I can hardly believe that he doesn't work hard.

　　我几乎不能相信他工作不努力。

　　考点七　无比较意义的比较级句型归纳

　　1．no more than ＝only 只有，仅仅，只不过

　　There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.

　　大厅里只有100人。

　　2．not more than＝at the most 不超过，至多

　　There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.

　　大厅里至多100人。

　　3．no less than 多达，不少于

　　He walks no less than five miles to school.

　　他上学至少要走五英里。

　　4．less than 不到，不太，极不

　　Doctors have been less than successful in treating this disease.

　　医生在治疗这种病时极不成功。

　　5．more than 多于，超过（＝over，后接数词）；不只是（＝not only，后接名词、动词或副词）；非常，十分（＝very，后接形容词、副词、动词或分词）；难以，完全不能（用于more than...can...）

　　I am more than happy to meet you here.

　　在这遇见你我非常高兴。

　　6．more or less（＝almost，nearly，about）基本上，差不多，大约

　　The work is more or less finished.

　　工作基本上完成了。

　　7．sooner or later 迟早，早晚，总有一天

　　You will succeed sooner or later.你总有一天会成功的。

　　8．what's more 而且，此外

　　I missed the bus and had to walk home.What's more，it was raining.

　　我错过了公交车不得不走回家，而且天又下着雨。

　　9．no sooner...than...一……就……

　　No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.

　　他一到家，就开始下雨了。

　　1．（2024·课标全国高考）The result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much ______.

　　A．the best　 B．best　 C．better D．the better

　　2．（2024·课标全国高考）This restaurant wasn't______that other restaurant we went to.

　　A．half as good as

　　B．as half good as

　　C．as good as half

　　D．good as half as

　　3．（2024·全国高考Ⅱ）Next to biology，I like physics ______.

　　A．better

　　B．best

　　C．the better

　　D．very well

　　4．（2024·北京高考）Many people have donated that type of blood; however，the blood bank needs ______.

　　A．some

　　B．less

　　C．much

　　D．more

　　5．（2024·天津高考）The dog may be a good companion for the old.______，the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.

　　A．Besides

　　B．However

　　C．Therefore

　　D．Instead

　　6．（2024·天津高考）The secretary arranged a（n）______ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.

　　A．important

　　B．spare

　　C．public

　　D．convenient

　　7．（2024·安徽高考）Interest is as ______ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.

　　A．vital

　　B．available

　　C．specific

　　D．similar

　　8．（2024·安徽高考）Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often thought to be the richest woman in the world.______，her personal wealth seems rather small.

　　A．Besides

　　B．Otherwise

　　C．However

　　D．Altogether

　　9．（2024·福建高考）Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be ______ respected.

　　A．especially

　　B．equally

　　C．naturally

　　D．normally

　　10．（2024·福建高考）—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?

　　—Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still ______.

　　A．available

　　B．affordable

　　C．acceptable

　　D．valuable

　　11．（2024·浙江高考）Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ______，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.

　　A．all in all

　　B．for one thingC．on the contrary

　　D．by the way

　　12．（2024·湖北高考）“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，” Father suggested______ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.

　　A．tentatively

　　B．thoughtlessly

　　C．definitely

　　D．rudely

　　13．（2024·湖北高考）Can you tell the______difference between the words “require” and “request”？I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.

　　A．dramatic

　　B．regional

　　C．apparent

　　D．subtle

　　14．（2024·湖北高考）Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained______；people are still looking for other possible solutions.

　　A．unchallenged

　　B．relevant

　　C．controversial

　　D．contradictory

　　15．（2024·湖南高考）Bicycling is good exercise; ______，it does not pollute the air.

　　A．nevertheless

　　B．besides

　　C．otherwise

　　D．therefore

　　16．（2024·辽宁高考）We used to see each other

　　______，but I haven't heard from him since last year.

　　A．especially

　　B．regularly

　　C．particularly

　　D．approximately

　　17．（2024·山东高考）Be ______—you can't expect me to finish all his work in so little time.

　　A．reasonable

　　B．confident

　　C．creative

　　D．grateful

　　18．（2024·四川高考）The hotel is almost finished，but it______needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.

　　A．only

　　B．also

　　C．even

　　D．still

　　19．（2024·四川高考）This training program can give you a lift at work，______increase your income by 40%.

　　A．as well as

　　B．so long as

　　C．so much as

　　D．as soon as

　　20．（2024·四川高考）I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won't make______difference to me.

　　A．that a big

　　B．a that big

　　C．big a that

　　D．that big a

　　21．（2024·浙江高考）The research lacks ______ evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.

　　A．solid

　　B．fierceC．severe

　　D．potential

　　22．（2024·浙江高考）Mike was usually so careful，______this time he made a small mistake.

　　A．yet

　　B．still

　　C．even

　　D．thus

　　23．（2011·课标全国高考）The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.

　　A．rather than

　　B．other than

　　C．more than

　　D．better than

　　24．（2011·全国高考Ⅱ）It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is ______ another to play it well yourself.

　　A．quite

　　B．very

　　C．rather

　　D．much

　　25．（2011·全国高考Ⅱ）Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ______ boss.

　　A．better

　　B．good

　　C．best

　　D．still better

　　26．（2010·上海高考）When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage，she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.

　　A．so few

　　B．such few

　　C．so little

　　D．such little

　　27．（2011·湖北高考）The old engineer's eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ______，though slow.

　　A．shaky

　　B．heavy

　　C．casual

　　D．steady

　　28．（2011·湖北高考）An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person's character；however，they are not always ______.

　　A．practical

　　B．avoidable

　　C．permanent

　　D．beneficial

　　29．（2011·湖北高考）The state­run company is required to make its accounts as ______ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.