insist后宾语从句中虚拟语气的适用情况盘点

The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

A. had done, should be

B. should do, should be

C. had done, had been

D. should do, had beend do, had be

【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气;“被释放”还不是事实(因为他还在坐牢)，故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。(“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气)He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。(“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气)

请再做下面一题：

The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.

A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent

B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent

D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

答案选B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气;“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。

The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

A. had done, should be

B. should do, should be

C. had done, had been

D. should do, had beend do, had be

【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气;“被释放”还不是事实(因为他还在坐牢)，故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。(“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气)He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。(“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气)

请再做下面一题：

The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.

A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent

B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent

D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

答案选B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气;“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。