2024年职称英语考试试题及答案-卫生类C
第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Tiny Invaders
The human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people dont think about it very much -- until they get sick.
The germs(致病菌)that make people sick are everywhere. You cant see them, but theyre there. Theyre sitting on your desk. Theyre hiding on your computers keyboard. Theyre even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria(细菌).Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles(麻疹).Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria arent so good. They can-make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats(喉痛)and ear infections.
How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.
Once germs are inside your body, your immune(免疫的)system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.
You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有营养的)diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated(接种).Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs cant make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it.
16. Viruses can only live inside people or animals.
【参考答案】：B
17. All bacteria cause illnesses.
【参考答案】：B
18. Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.
【参考答案】：A
19. Germs can enter the body through the eyes.
【参考答案】：A
20. The heart contains the bodys strongest muscle.
【参考答案】：C
21. After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.
【参考答案】：A
22. Vaccines can make you sick.
【参考答案】：B
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Alcoholism
1 Yes, alcoholism can be treated. Alcoholism treatment programs use both counseling and medication(药物治疗)to help a person stop drinking. Most alcoholics need help to recover from their disease. With support and treatment, many people are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives.
2 A range of medication is used to treat alcoholism. Benzodiazepines(苯二氮平类药物) are sometimes used during the first days after a person stops drinking to help him or her safely withdraw from alcohol. However, these medications are not used beyond the first few days because they may be highly addictive. Other medications help people remain sober(清醒).One medication used for this purpose is naltrexone(环丙甲羟二羟吗啡酮). When combined with counseling, naltrexone can reduce the strong desire for alcohol and help prevent a person from returning to heavy drinking. Another medication, disulfiram (戒酒硫), discourages drinking by making the person feel sick if he or she drinks alcohol. Though several medications help treat alcoholism, there is no magic bullet.Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.
3 Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease, there are different levels of success in treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others cannot stop drinking for any length of time. With treatment, one thing is clear, however, the longer a person stops drinking alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able to stay sober.
4 No, alcoholism cannot be cured at this time. Even if an alcoholic hasnt been drinking for a long time, he or she can still return to the drinking habit. To guard against it, an alcoholic must continue to avoid all alcoholic drinks.
23、paragraph 1_____F______
24、paragraph 2_____A______
25、paragraph 3_____D______
26、paragraph 4_____C______
A.What medications treat alcoholism?
B.What are drinking problems?
C.Can alcoholism be cured?
D.Does alcoholism treatment work?
E.what is alcoholism?
F.Can alcoholism be treated?
27、Medication can help some people __F____
28、Disulfiram can prevent drinking by making the alcoholic ___D____
29、For alcoholism treatment，there is no single medication that works ___E____
30、The key to cure alcoholism is to avoid all ___B____
A.stay confused
B.alcoholic drinks
C.medical treatment
D.feel sick
E.in every person
F.stop drinking
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered oil-eating bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
l Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
l Human insulin(胰岛素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
31. This passage is mainly about
A. the effects of altering cells.
B. the human growth hormone.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
【参考答案】：A
32. Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
【参考答案】：A
33. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
【参考答案】：B
34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. in a simple list.
C. from earliest to latest.
D.as a story.
【参考答案】：B
35. In the last paragraph, the word weighed has the cloest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. considered carefully.
D. measured accurately.
【参考答案】：C
Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the islands food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lts true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
36、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A.the Africans
B.the Spanish
C.the Americans
D.the Taino people
【参考答案】：D
37、In the first paragraph the word it refers to
A.immigration
B.Caribbean history
C.the islands natural beauty
D.Puerto Rican cuisine
【参考答案】：D
38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B.Food imported by foreigners isnt really Puerto Rican
C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
D.African foods have probably had the most influence
【参考答案】：C
39、How is sofrito used?
A.It is eaten before meals
B.It is added to other dishes
C.It is used where foods are too spicy
D.It is eaten as a main dish
【参考答案】：B
40、 which of the following is NOT true?
A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food
B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
【参考答案】：A
Eat Healthy
Clean your plate! and Be a member of the clean-plate club1! Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal： Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2 Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying clean the plate, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next years Christmas presents.
词汇：
orphan n.孤儿
belly n.肚子
nutrition n.营养
waistline n.腰围
paycheck n.薪金支票
练习：
1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
A to save food.
B to wash the dishes.
C not to waste food.
D not to eat too much.
2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?
A Because Americans associate quantity with value.
B Because Americans have big bellies.
C Because Americans are good eaters.
D Because Americans are greedy.
3.What happened in the 1970s?
A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.
B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.
C The United States produced more grain than needed.
D The American waistline started to expand.
4.What does the survey indicate?
A Many poor Americans want large portions.
B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.
C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.
D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.
5.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?
A They work long hours.
B They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C They dont want to be healthy eaters.
