王长喜四级大课堂（十一讲）
大学，自1992年1月到1999年6月连续3年出现了一种新题型--简短回答题。此类题一般被安排在阅读理解之后。一方面考查考生的短文阅读能力，另一方面是侧重考核考生的书面表达能力。此类题型出现后，一些考生不太适应，往往是束手无策，结果在此题的得分率较低。鉴于此，我们通过近几年六篇简答短文及三十道试题的深入研究、总结、归纳简短回答题的命题倾向，并向考生提供各种相应的应试技巧。
一、简答题与阅读理解题的异同
这两类题型，既有相同点，又有各自的特点。相同点都是对短文材料进行阅读，并要理解内容。因此，阅读能力的培养，贵在平时。四六级英语考试，是一难度较大级别较高的测试，其阅读材料一般来源于英语国家主要是美国当代作品，其中又以报刊杂志为主。因此，建议考生平时一定要看看《资讯周刊》、《时代周刊》和《商业周刊》等。只有在阅读好，理解好短文材料基础上，才谈得上应试技巧。不同点在于，简答题主要是考查学生语言组织能力和表达能力，它要求学生用简短的词组或句子回答提问或补充完整句子，而阅读理解题是在四个选项中作出唯一正确地选择。它有三个干扰项，考生易被干扰项引入歧途。因此，我们研究真题后发现，简答题虽说表面上量大而且要求宽，但其实质却是降低了考试难度。因此，考生对这种新题型不必担忧。只要考生掌握了下面的应试技巧，在平时稍加注意，此题得分率必将提高。
二、命题倾向剖析及应试技巧
近三年简答题主要考三种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、推理题，而以事实细节题考得最多。
1、主旨大意题
此类题型在三年中考得较少。做此类题要求考生用最简洁而又内涵丰富的词或短语高度概括文章的中心思想。许多考生的难处是短文看懂了，中心意思也知道，就是不知如何表达出来。此时，考生关键是找到主题句，通过对主题句进行手术，就能找到最佳答案。而主题句通常都在段首或段末，有时是一疑问句或一简单句，且具有语法上的独立性。关键词有in short、in my opinion、that is、therefore、I believe/suggest/think、 in fact等。
例What is the passage mainly about?
分析：文章相信大多数考生都能看懂，主要讲美国的偷车现象及其解决办法。考生阅读完毕，很容易发现几个关键句子，如Vehicle, theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. How can you protect your car?
考生对这两个句子进行巧妙裁剪、嫁接，就能做许多满意答案，如Vehicle theft and security systme in U.S. Car thefts in the U.S.A. Theft of Car. Stolen-vehicle phonomenon and solution等。这些答案中关键词都可以在主题句或原文中找到，考生的技巧是如何把它们很好地结合起来。一些考生不擅此道，而在那苦思冥想，总想找个新鲜词或另外的短语来表达，结果浪费时间，甚至表达错误。
例 Apart from personal preferences, what determines ones choice of the media and media content?
2、 事实细节题
此类题型是简答题考查最多题型，考查形式多样，下面一一剖析。
描述性题目能直接从原文中找到答案。此类细节题答案一般是句子谓语或宾语等主干成分，考生略做变化即能写出答案。
例How serious did the author predict the annual vehicle theft could be in the United States in 1989?
例 What belief about pet behavior was unacceptable to experts of animals behavior?
例What type of security system can help the police track down a stolen car?
因果型的题目短文中能直接找到原因或结果。通常表原因的关键词有：for that reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。表结果的关键词有：as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so。考生阅读时要注意这些词后面的内容。
例Why are newspaper considered as an important medium according to the passage?
Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?
and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. 此处考生要知道keep from 之意，防止被，working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. 前一句话暗示出小船极易tumble over，后一句话表明河流有：the unpredictable twists and turns，故答案为：Because the rivers is full of twists and turns.)
范例型题目：需要概括答案的。表示举例的关键词有：for example, such as, for instance, that is, as follow等。考生对这些词后面的内容要注意。
例For one reasons or another, peoples exposure to the media is often _______.
例 What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?
对照比较型题目：对照比较目的在于所涉及的两个事物之间的不同或相似之处,进而说明主题.表对照的关键词有：however、nevertheless、in contrast、 on the other hand、but、yet、while等。表比较的词有：likewise、in the same way、as if、as等。
例 Developing childrens self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______
例 When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is that the children will _____ .
描写叙述型题目：需要变换词法或句型。此类题句子内容和表达词在原文中能找到，考生关键是进行时态的变换、句型的转换。在替换过程中切勿因粗心犯了不该犯的错误，如时态、单复数和动名词等。)
例 What does the author think Joe Jempler should be blamed for?
例 What are the two ways, thieves sell the stolen cars?
例 The last sentence of the passage indicates that ones exposure to the media is ______
例What was the explanation of animal-behavior experts for the clever behavior of pets?
3、推理题
这类题型主要包括两种：描述事实基础上推理和逻辑上的推理。
在描述事实事础上的推理题。考生只要在描述细节句子范围内进行推理，不必顾及整体文章大旨，以防干扰。
例 What did Newton seem puzzled about?
for him to chase, hed take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the tress. He seemed genuinely puzzled. 通过对这几句描述的理解，考生应明白Newton似乎不知上哪儿去找飞碟，故答案为：Not knowing the Frishees track.)
例What made it possible for the TIM reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?
例 According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to _____ .
例What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?
通过前后句以及上、下文内在逻辑进行推理。此类题一般针对主题思想、作者意图而设计的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示转折或因果关系的一些词，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。
例 Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?
例 What happened to the New York knicks in the 1980s?
例 What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant?
例Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ____
例 Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should ______.
三、简答题得高分基本原则
以上归纳了简答命题倾向及解题技巧，考生掌握了这些知识后，还要注意以下几个方面才能得到高分。
1、答案尽量用短语或词组，句子要简洁，一般都规定了不能超过10个单词，多了要扣分。
2、尽量用短文中出现的词组或短语，句子的用词也应以短文中出现的关键词为先。若非用自己的语言组织、表达不可，则注意句子结构的精炼、完整和时态的正确。
3、注意大小写正确及书写的工整。
大学，自1992年1月到1999年6月连续3年出现了一种新题型--简短回答题。此类题一般被安排在阅读理解之后。一方面考查考生的短文阅读能力，另一方面是侧重考核考生的书面表达能力。此类题型出现后，一些考生不太适应，往往是束手无策，结果在此题的得分率较低。鉴于此，我们通过近几年六篇简答短文及三十道试题的深入研究、总结、归纳简短回答题的命题倾向，并向考生提供各种相应的应试技巧。
一、简答题与阅读理解题的异同
这两类题型，既有相同点，又有各自的特点。相同点都是对短文材料进行阅读，并要理解内容。因此，阅读能力的培养，贵在平时。四六级英语考试，是一难度较大级别较高的测试，其阅读材料一般来源于英语国家主要是美国当代作品，其中又以报刊杂志为主。因此，建议考生平时一定要看看《资讯周刊》、《时代周刊》和《商业周刊》等。只有在阅读好，理解好短文材料基础上，才谈得上应试技巧。不同点在于，简答题主要是考查学生语言组织能力和表达能力，它要求学生用简短的词组或句子回答提问或补充完整句子，而阅读理解题是在四个选项中作出唯一正确地选择。它有三个干扰项，考生易被干扰项引入歧途。因此，我们研究真题后发现，简答题虽说表面上量大而且要求宽，但其实质却是降低了考试难度。因此，考生对这种新题型不必担忧。只要考生掌握了下面的应试技巧，在平时稍加注意，此题得分率必将提高。
二、命题倾向剖析及应试技巧
近三年简答题主要考三种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、推理题，而以事实细节题考得最多。
1、主旨大意题
此类题型在三年中考得较少。做此类题要求考生用最简洁而又内涵丰富的词或短语高度概括文章的中心思想。许多考生的难处是短文看懂了，中心意思也知道，就是不知如何表达出来。此时，考生关键是找到主题句，通过对主题句进行手术，就能找到最佳答案。而主题句通常都在段首或段末，有时是一疑问句或一简单句，且具有语法上的独立性。关键词有in short、in my opinion、that is、therefore、I believe/suggest/think、 in fact等。
例What is the passage mainly about?
分析：文章相信大多数考生都能看懂，主要讲美国的偷车现象及其解决办法。考生阅读完毕，很容易发现几个关键句子，如Vehicle, theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. How can you protect your car?
考生对这两个句子进行巧妙裁剪、嫁接，就能做许多满意答案，如Vehicle theft and security systme in U.S. Car thefts in the U.S.A. Theft of Car. Stolen-vehicle phonomenon and solution等。这些答案中关键词都可以在主题句或原文中找到，考生的技巧是如何把它们很好地结合起来。一些考生不擅此道，而在那苦思冥想，总想找个新鲜词或另外的短语来表达，结果浪费时间，甚至表达错误。
例 Apart from personal preferences, what determines ones choice of the media and media content?
2、 事实细节题
此类题型是简答题考查最多题型，考查形式多样，下面一一剖析。
描述性题目能直接从原文中找到答案。此类细节题答案一般是句子谓语或宾语等主干成分，考生略做变化即能写出答案。
例How serious did the author predict the annual vehicle theft could be in the United States in 1989?
例 What belief about pet behavior was unacceptable to experts of animals behavior?
例What type of security system can help the police track down a stolen car?
因果型的题目短文中能直接找到原因或结果。通常表原因的关键词有：for that reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。表结果的关键词有：as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so。考生阅读时要注意这些词后面的内容。
例Why are newspaper considered as an important medium according to the passage?
Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?
and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. 此处考生要知道keep from 之意，防止被，working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. 前一句话暗示出小船极易tumble over，后一句话表明河流有：the unpredictable twists and turns，故答案为：Because the rivers is full of twists and turns.)
范例型题目：需要概括答案的。表示举例的关键词有：for example, such as, for instance, that is, as follow等。考生对这些词后面的内容要注意。
例For one reasons or another, peoples exposure to the media is often _______.
例 What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?
对照比较型题目：对照比较目的在于所涉及的两个事物之间的不同或相似之处,进而说明主题.表对照的关键词有：however、nevertheless、in contrast、 on the other hand、but、yet、while等。表比较的词有：likewise、in the same way、as if、as等。
例 Developing childrens self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______
例 When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is that the children will _____ .
描写叙述型题目：需要变换词法或句型。此类题句子内容和表达词在原文中能找到，考生关键是进行时态的变换、句型的转换。在替换过程中切勿因粗心犯了不该犯的错误，如时态、单复数和动名词等。)
例 What does the author think Joe Jempler should be blamed for?
例 What are the two ways, thieves sell the stolen cars?
例 The last sentence of the passage indicates that ones exposure to the media is ______
例What was the explanation of animal-behavior experts for the clever behavior of pets?
3、推理题
这类题型主要包括两种：描述事实基础上推理和逻辑上的推理。
在描述事实事础上的推理题。考生只要在描述细节句子范围内进行推理，不必顾及整体文章大旨，以防干扰。
例 What did Newton seem puzzled about?
for him to chase, hed take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the tress. He seemed genuinely puzzled. 通过对这几句描述的理解，考生应明白Newton似乎不知上哪儿去找飞碟，故答案为：Not knowing the Frishees track.)
例What made it possible for the TIM reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?
例 According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to _____ .
例What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?
通过前后句以及上、下文内在逻辑进行推理。此类题一般针对主题思想、作者意图而设计的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示转折或因果关系的一些词，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。
例 Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?
例 What happened to the New York knicks in the 1980s?
例 What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant?
例Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ____
例 Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should ______.
三、简答题得高分基本原则
以上归纳了简答命题倾向及解题技巧，考生掌握了这些知识后，还要注意以下几个方面才能得到高分。
1、答案尽量用短语或词组，句子要简洁，一般都规定了不能超过10个单词，多了要扣分。
2、尽量用短文中出现的词组或短语，句子的用词也应以短文中出现的关键词为先。若非用自己的语言组织、表达不可，则注意句子结构的精炼、完整和时态的正确。
3、注意大小写正确及书写的工整。
