英语学习之四级考试虚拟语气考点及对策
于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：1.名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气
一.三种基本形态
表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
现在： did / were would +do
过去： had done/ had been would +have done
将来： were to/ should+do would +do
三种基本形态
与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.
二、倒装虚拟句
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
If she were not so careless, she wouldnt have made such a mistake.
四、含蓄虚拟句
What would I have done without you?
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
五、跳层虚拟句 He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much.
He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat much.
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气 It is ++that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气 过去分词：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等
七、其它虚拟语气 Wish
I wish I knew the answer./ I wish I had known the answer.
I wish you would shut up.
If only If only I were taller. / If only he had followed your advice! /If only the rain would stop.
It is time It is time you thought about your future.
would rather I would rather you didnt speak rudely to her.
Id rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her.
Lest, in case, for fear that，这是因它们答案特征相同，即 +动词原形。eg. He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征
1.+动词原形记住信号词以及lest.2. 一般过去时：wish/If only/would rather/Its time that.
3.基本形式,特别注意时间状语
4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反;三个形式提前大写，if省去;
5.but/or/or else/otherwise
于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：1.名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气
一.三种基本形态
表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
现在： did / were would +do
过去： had done/ had been would +have done
将来： were to/ should+do would +do
三种基本形态
与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.
二、倒装虚拟句
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
If she were not so careless, she wouldnt have made such a mistake.
四、含蓄虚拟句
What would I have done without you?
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
五、跳层虚拟句 He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much.
He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat much.
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气 It is ++that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气 过去分词：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等
七、其它虚拟语气 Wish
I wish I knew the answer./ I wish I had known the answer.
I wish you would shut up.
If only If only I were taller. / If only he had followed your advice! /If only the rain would stop.
It is time It is time you thought about your future.
would rather I would rather you didnt speak rudely to her.
Id rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her.
Lest, in case, for fear that，这是因它们答案特征相同，即 +动词原形。eg. He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征
1.+动词原形记住信号词以及lest.2. 一般过去时：wish/If only/would rather/Its time that.
3.基本形式,特别注意时间状语
4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反;三个形式提前大写，if省去;
5.but/or/or else/otherwise
